How we research
- Start with the people who collect the data. Giving USA and the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy for donation totals; the IRS for tax rules; AmeriCorps and the Census Bureau for volunteering; USDA, EPA and ReFED for food waste; Feeding America and individual food banks for what pantries need.
- Read the original. For research on happiness and generosity, we link to the paper or the publisher's page, not just press coverage, and note when findings have been replicated, qualified or challenged.
- Label the year. Many reports cover a year earlier than the one they're published in. We say which year the data describes.
- Check every link. Before publishing and on each update, every outbound link is checked automatically and replaced if it fails.
What we treat with care
- Industry surveys from companies that sell giving or fundraising software: useful, but we name who ran the survey.
- Charity ratings: we attribute every rating to the evaluator and explain what it measures.
- Inspirational stories: we only tell ones with reliable documentation, and flag disputed details.
- Tax information: we cite IRS publications and note recent law changes; it is not tax advice.
Every source we cite
125 distinct source URLs from 85 publishers, generated automatically from the citations in our 20 guides. Grouped by publisher, most-cited first.
- irs.gov (9)
- https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/annual-exempt-organization-return-who-must-file — cited in How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/charitable-organizations/donor-advised-funds — cited in Donor-Advised Funds vs Direct Giving, Explained
- https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/form-990-series-which-forms-do-exempt-organizations-file-filing-phase-in — cited in Donor-Advised Funds vs Direct Giving, Explained, How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/tax-exempt-organization-search — cited in Charitable Tax Deductions: 2025–2026 Basics, How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/one-big-beautiful-bill-act-tax-deductions-for-working-americans-and-seniors — cited in Tipping Guide 2026: How Much to Tip, and Why It Matters
- https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/one-big-beautiful-bill-provisions — cited in Charitable Tax Deductions: 2025–2026 Basics, Donor-Advised Funds vs Direct Giving, Explained
- https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-25-67.pdf — cited in Charitable Tax Deductions: 2025–2026 Basics
- https://www.irs.gov/publications/p526 — cited in Charitable Tax Deductions: 2025–2026 Basics, Donor-Advised Funds vs Direct Giving, Explained, Workplace Matching Gifts: How to Double Your Donation, How to Start Volunteering (and What the Data Says)
- https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc506 — cited in Charitable Tax Deductions: 2025–2026 Basics, How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (6)
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17569866/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18356530/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22720078/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23421326/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23421360/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32250135/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- feedingamerica.org (5)
- https://www.feedingamerica.org/about-us — cited in What Food Banks Actually Need Most (and What to Skip), How to Organize a Food Drive: Step-by-Step Plan
- https://www.feedingamerica.org/find-your-local-foodbank — cited in What Food Banks Actually Need Most (and What to Skip), How to Organize a Food Drive: Step-by-Step Plan
- https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-blog/what-donate-food-bank-and-what-avoid — cited in What Food Banks Actually Need Most (and What to Skip), How to Organize a Food Drive: Step-by-Step Plan
- https://www.feedingamerica.org/ways-to-give — cited in What Food Banks Actually Need Most (and What to Skip), How to Organize a Food Drive: Step-by-Step Plan
- https://www.feedingamerica.org/ways-to-give/food-drives — cited in What Food Banks Actually Need Most (and What to Skip), How to Organize a Food Drive: Step-by-Step Plan
- givewell.org (4)
- https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities — cited in Effective Giving: How to Make Your Donations Go Further
- https://www.givewell.org/how-we-work — cited in Effective Giving: How to Make Your Donations Go Further
- https://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/criteria — cited in Effective Giving: How to Make Your Donations Go Further
- https://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/our-criteria/cost-effectiveness — cited in Effective Giving: How to Make Your Donations Go Further
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (4)
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1622872/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3375233/ — cited in Teaching Kids Generosity: Age-by-Age Ideas That Work
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3776775/ — cited in Generosity at Work: Practical Ideas Backed by Research
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9451075/ — cited in The Science of Giving: Does Generosity Make You Happier?
- consumer.ftc.gov (3)
- https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/giving-charity — cited in How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2025/11/donate-charities-not-scammers-giving-tuesday — cited in GivingTuesday 2026: Date, History and How to Take Part
- https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2026/08/when-donating-support-those-need-not-scammer — cited in How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- give.org (3)
- https://give.org/ — cited in GivingTuesday 2026: Date, History and How to Take Part, How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://give.org/donor-landing-page/bbb-standards-for-charity-accountability — cited in How to Vet a Charity (and Spot Charity Scams)
- https://give.org/news/giving-usa-2026-charitable-giving-trends — cited in US Charitable Giving Statistics (Giving USA 2026)
- givingtuesday.org (3)
- https://www.givingtuesday.org/ — cited in GivingTuesday 2026: Date, History and How to Take Part
- https://www.givingtuesday.org/about/ — cited in GivingTuesday 2026: Date, History and How to Take Part
- https://www.givingtuesday.org/blog/2025-results — cited in GivingTuesday 2026: Date, History and How to Take Part
- charitynavigator.org (2)
- en.wikipedia.org (2)
- epa.gov (2)
- ers.usda.gov (2)
- fairplayinternational.org (2)
- fda.gov (2)
- https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/safe-food-handling — cited in Reduce Food Waste and Share Your Surplus Safely, How to Organize a Meal Train for a Neighbor
- https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/food-allergies — cited in How to Organize a Meal Train for a Neighbor
- givingwhatwecan.org (2)
- merriam-webster.com (2)
- nasconet.org (2)
- philanthropy.indianapolis.iu.edu (2)
- https://philanthropy.indianapolis.iu.edu/news-events/news/_news/2013/women-give-2013.html — cited in Teaching Kids Generosity: Age-by-Age Ideas That Work
- https://philanthropy.indianapolis.iu.edu/news-events/news/_news/2024/drop-in-share-of-americans-who-give-to-charity-accelerated-in-first-year-of-covid-19-even-as-average-amount-given-rose.html — cited in US Charitable Giving Statistics (Giving USA 2026)
- refed.org (2)
- abcnews4.com (1)
- agri-pulse.com (1)
- americorps.gov (1)
- apa.org (1)
- aspeninstitute.org (1)
- bls.gov (1)
- cambridge.org (1)
- catchafire.org (1)
- census.gov (1)
- charities.org (1)
- charitywatch.org (1)
- classics.mit.edu (1)
- dafresearchcollaborative.org (1)
- deohs.washington.edu (1)
- doi.org (1)
- dol.gov (1)
- doublethedonation.com (1)
- emilypost.com (1)
- encyclopediavirginia.org (1)
- eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk (1)
- etymonline.com (1)
- fsis.usda.gov (1)
- ggsc.berkeley.edu (1)
- greatergood.berkeley.edu (1)
- guidestar.org (1)
- historynet.com (1)
- home.dartmouth.edu (1)
- home.nps.gov (1)
- idealist.org (1)
- independentsector.org (1)
- innovestinc.com (1)
- johnsoncenter.org (1)
- justserve.org (1)
- knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu (1)
- kunc.org (1)
- law.cornell.edu (1)
- littleleague.org (1)
- mcc.gse.harvard.edu (1)
- mentalfloss.com (1)
- merceradvisors.com (1)
- mpg.de (1)
- nature.com (1)
- nbcnews.com (1)
- neonone.com (1)
- newadvent.org (1)
- news.mccombs.utexas.edu (1)
- news.uzh.ch (1)
- nippon.com (1)
- nps.gov (1)
- olympic.org.nz (1)
- opb.org (1)
- opm.gov (1)
- pewresearch.org (1)
- plato.stanford.edu (1)
- projectplay.org (1)
- projects.propublica.org (1)
- randomactsofkindness.org (1)
- reportfraud.ftc.gov (1)
- sciencedaily.com (1)
- shrm.org (1)
- theconversation.com (1)
- thelifeyoucansave.org (1)
- thenonprofittimes.com (1)
- volunteermatch.org (1)
- web.archive.org (1)
- whyy.org (1)